A detailed plan can now be prepared using fullest possible appraisal of intended passage considering all available information. We call this stage the planning stage. The plan should embrace the whole passage – from beath to beath In a...
READ MOREThe 3rd stage of the passage plan is called execution. After the passage plan is finalized, the passage should be executed in accordance with the plan or any changes. When executing the plan the following factors should be taken into the account...
READ MOREKeep the following additional points in mind. Visual bearings is usually the most accurate means of possition fixing. Every fix should be based on at least 3 possition lines. Transit marks and clearing bearings may be a great assistance...
READ MOREThe major concern of the navigator while navigating near the coast or off-shore, is to determine his position as accurately as possible. So far, you have learned about the Dead Reckoning and the Estimated Position. In this lesson you will learn...
READ MOREA Fix can be obtained by using any of the following methods: By combining cross compass bearings, by combining a bearing and a visual range, or by combining a bearing and a contour line. A fix can also be obtained by combining two or more...
READ MORELine of Position (LOPs) A Line of Position (LOP) is the locus of points along which a boat’s position must lie. A line of position can be obtained by: Visual Range, Visual Bearing and Distance.
READ MOREThe Visual Range LOP is the most precise and reliable LOP, since it is not dependent on a device such as compass or radar. This LOP can be obtained by observing two objects in line such as two buoys, or an island and a buoy, or two predefined...
READ MOREIn this lesson we will learn about the Running Fix Position. Sometimes only one object is available for taking LOPs, for example a single buoy, a small island or rock, a radio tower and in celestial navigation during daytime, the sun. The Running...
READ MOREThis is how we plot a Running Fix Position: Assuming the course is 080° degrees and the speed is 8 knots, or 8 nautical miles per hour, we take a bearing of 045° degrees on Alfa rock at 0900, now convert the compass bearings to true bearings and...
READ MOREAnother method of taking a running fix is by doubling the angle on the bow, having in mind the properties of an isosceles triangle. This fix requires the first bearing to be less than 45° from the bow. Assuming the course is 090° degrees and the...
READ MOREIn the previous lesson we used a “running fix by doubling the angle on the bow”. Another method of plotting a running fix is the 45/90 method. The difference in the 45/90 method is that the angles used are specifically 45° and 90°...
READ MOREIn this lesson you will learn various methods used to determine your boats’s position, known as a Fix. A fix is the boats’s position or location on earth at a given point in time. We can determine a fix by intersecting two or more...
READ MOREA Fix can also be determined by using the Radar, the GPS, the Echo Sounder, and Loran. Traditionally, a fix can be established using Celestial Bodies.
READ MORECombining Cross Compass Bearings A Fix can be obtained by combining Cross Compass Bearings using a hand-held compass. Assume your course is 360 degrees (North) and your speed is 7 knots. You are sailing near the coast and you have lighthouse A...
READ MORENow plot the bearings one by one on the Nautical chart. First the bearing from -lighthouse A: Place the parallel ruler on the compass rose at the 045° degree line and transfer that line, passing from lighthouse A and crossing the course line...
READ MOREA Fix can also be obtained by combining a compass bearing and a visual range. Assume your course is 360° degrees, or North, and your speed is 7 knots. While looking at the nautical chart you spot the lighthouse A and the range marks B and C...
READ MOREYou can obtain a fix by combining two or more distances or distances and compass bearings. This is how you plot a fix position combining two or more distances: Let’s assume you sail near the coast. The radar is in good working condition and...
READ MOREThis is how you plot a fix position combining distances and compass bearings: Using the radar’s range marker you obtain a distance of 5.2 nautical miles from point A and 2.8 nautical miles from point B. Immediately afterward, using the hand...
READ MOREA Fix can also be obtained by combining a compass bearing and a distance of the same lighthouse. You can determine the distance knowing the height and the vertical sextant angle of the lighthouse. Let’s assume you sail near the coast and...
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